California state officials confiscated these Kushy Punch vape cartridges in their investigation of the company’s unlicensed Canoga Park facility. (Courtesy of CA Dept. of Consumer Affairs)California has a troubling new wrinkle in the vaping story rocking the nation.

Acting on a tip, state officials raided a warehouse in Canoga Park and discovered an illegal manufacturing operation.

Prompted by a tip, investigators at the California Department of Consumer Affairs served a search warrant on Thursday, Oct. 3, at a light industrial space north of Los Angeles in the San Fernando Valley city of Canoga Park.

There they found an illegal cannabis product manufacturing operation apparently operated by Kushy Punch, a legal state-licensed company. Authorities seized a number of finished products, including gummies in Kushy Punch packaging and disposable vaporizers in Kushy Vape packaging.

In photos obtained by Leafly, the facility appeared to be performing petro-solvent extractions, where a technician concentrates the active ingredient in cannabis, THC. Petro-solvent extraction is legal with a permit in California. The extraction method can sometimes have the effect of concentrating pesticides along with the THC.

California officials documented slabs of raw THC oil fresh from the extractor. (Courtesy of CA Dept. of Consumer Affairs)

Edibles and vape cartridges seized

The facility appeared to be in the business of putting those extracts into professional-looking THC foods as well as disposable vape pen cartridges. Tall file cabinets held thousands of boxes of Kushy Vapes pens and Kushy Punch edibles packaged and ready for sale and consumption.

“Investigators confiscated thousands of illegal vape carts worth millions of dollars,” Bureau of Cannabis Control spokesperson Alex Traverso told Leafly. The investigation is ongoing.

Kushy Punch CEO Ruben Cross did not answer Leafly questions via email, or text, nor did he return phone calls or voicemails.RelatedJourney of a tainted vape cartridge: from China’s labs to your lungs

Kushy Punch under scrutiny

A source familiar with Kushy Punch accused the adult-use licensee of maintaining two facilities: one licensed and one black market. (Leafly is granting the source’s request for anonymity because disclosing their personal information might endanger their own safety and the safety of others.)

A source close to Kushy Punch alleges the company maintained two facilities: one licensed and one black market.

The source alleges that cannabis that tested clean went through Kushy Punch’s licensed facility and into the licensed supply chain.

The source also says cannabis that might fail the state’s stringent pesticide standards went to the illicit extraction lab, pen factory, and kitchen located at 8427 Canoga Ave. in Canoga Park. That facility sits on the same block as the Los Angeles Police Department’s Topanga Community Police Station.

“This is where they have all black market operations going,” the source told Leafly. “They are using untested black market oil that is heavy in pesticide.”RelatedVape pen lung injury: Here’s what you need to know

Kushy Punch CEO Ruben Cross did not respond to Leafly’s attempts to reach him to address the accusations.

Kushy Punch’s licensed edibles are manufactured and distributed by Vertical Bliss Inc. of Northridge, a legal state cannabis licensee, according to documents posted on the KushyPunch.com website.

Packaging machinery at the Canoga Park facility investigated by California state officials on Oct. 3. (Courtesy of CA Dept. of Consumer Affairs)

BCC investigation ongoing

The BCC said its investigation has the same information, is testing the oil, and examining the possible links between the raided facility and the Kushy Punch brand, said BCC spokesperson Alex Traverso.

“Everything about this tip has checked out 100%,” Traverso told Leafly. “Based on the tip, there is a legal side of things and an illegal side of things. We’re still investigating both sides of the equation.”

“If this is something we’re seeing linked back to someone who has a license I would be surprised if they had a license much longer,” Traverso added.

Split operations detailed

California’s adult-use cannabis market is one year and nine months old. The state’s medical marijuana era lasted 23 years. Kushy Punch operated during both eras.

Leafly’s source alleged that Kushy Punch management split the legal business from the illegal one when the company obtained a state cannabis manufacturing license. The source said Kushy Punch managers assigned the same staff members to work both the legal and illegal facility.

The company’s website also states that Kushy Punch is selling its products into both markets.

Kushy Punch describes itself as “California’s #1 edible” and provides a store locator tool listing licensed stores.

But it also states that it manufactures edibles and vape products for “California collectives and clinics for California medical card holders.” Commercial medical collectives became illegal on Jan. 1, 2019. All retail sales must go through a state-licensed adult-use or medical retailer. Licensed cannabis retailers must only carry products from licensed cannabis manufacturers.

California state officials suspect these Kushy Punch products were headed to the street market. (Courtesy of CA Dept. of Consumer Affairs)

Illicit vape carts in police crosshairs

The bust comes amid a national series of vaping associated pulmonary injury (VAPI) clusters linked to illicit THC vape cartridges.

At least 1,080 people in 48 states have a confirmed or probable vaping-associated pulmonary injury. As many as 20 people have died from VAPI, according to investigators at the Center for Disease Control. Doctors said 17 victims in Wisconsin had what’s called chemical pneumonitis—akin to a chemical burn on their lungs.

One of the main suspects in the VAPI outbreak continues to be illicit THC vape carts contaminated with toxins.

One of the main suspects in the VAPI outbreak continues to be illicit THC vape carts contaminated with one or more toxic chemicals. Known toxic chemical contaminants in so-called ‘fart carts’ sold on the street and capable of causing chemical pneumonitis include: diluent thickener tocopheryl-acetate (vitamin E oil); the pesticide myclobutanil; and solvents like butane.

“The administration is really prioritizing these complaints because of the public safety aspects of that,” the BCC’s Traverso told Leafly.

Based on a tip, the BCC raided a vape shop in Fresno on Set. 25 and confiscated roughly 2,200 street market “Dank Vapes” carts and packaging for 4,400 more. Many VAPI victims have reported using Dank Vapes carts.

The BCC aims to shut down more illicit pen factories, rather than chasing down the product at their end-point—street dealers, pop-up markets, unlicensed cannabis retailers and couriers, and smoke and vape shops selling them under the counter.

“It’s not enough to just go after the retailers and shut those places down,” Traverso said. “We’re making an effort to go after the big fish.”

Bust confirms a popular rumor

Industry experts suspect more than one licensed California cannabis manufacturer may be selling into the illicit market.

Why take the risk? Experts familiar with California’s cannabis industry say the extra cash generated by a street-market operation might raise enough money to keep a company afloat as it makes the costly transition to become licensed and compliant with state regulations. The illicit market is three to five times bigger in California than the licensed market. Just 450 or so stores and couriers exist for a state of 38 million people, due to local licensing bans and delays.

“It’s a law of averages. There’s bound to be a few” licensed companies also operating outside the law, said Sean Donahoe, an industry expert and central California-based consultant. “Generally speaking, we’ve got thousands and thousands of licensees. Combine human nature and statistical averages and it’s just a matter of time before one regulated operator chooses to cross over and compete with themselves in the unregulated space.”

Quoting the film Casablanca, he said, “I would not be ‘Shocked, shocked that there’s gambling—or bootlegging—going on in this establishment.’”

Stringent testing squeezed operators

Licensed operators might also cheat in order to offload THC products that are too dirty for the state’s toughest-in-the-world purity standards.

In July 2018, adult-use stores shelves went nearly bare soon after California’s pesticide regulations kicked in. On Jan. 1, 2019, testing for heavy metals kicked in.

Over the past 21 months, California’s licensed cannabis labs have quarantined nearly 6,000 product batches that failed to meet these tough standards. Most of the products had labeling issues (the potency of the product did not match the potency promised on the label), but batches also failed tests for pesticides, heavy metals, residual solvent, and microbes. And those are just the dirty batches sent to labs for testing.

Private R&D testing

Licensees can perform private “research and development” lab testing to isolate dirty cannabis before it’s sent down the supply chain. Operators are supposed to destroy dirty stock, but California’s statewide track-and-trace system has yet to get up and running—and may still be months away. Without that system, it’s easy to divert tainted cannabis.

Vape industry expert Peter Hackett, founder of the law-abiding California company AirVapor, explains the logic of selling out the back door. If a licensed company fails R&D lab testing on 30,000 vape carts at $50 retail each, do they just throw away $1.5 million?

“Hell no,” says Hackett. “That’s going to get redirected into the underground black market network.”

California NORML co-director Ellen Komp also said she heard one rumor of an operator selling out the back door in Southern California.

“This started happening at the time when California pesticide regulations kicked in,” said Komp. “It stands to reason that not everyone might have destroyed all their expensive products.”

See something? Say something

California’s Bureau of Cannabis Control encourages ethical operators and whistleblowers to report any illegal activity they see.

You can file a complaint at the BCC’s File a Complaint web page.

“We rely on tips and complaints and definitely follow up on everyone. We don’t always see and hear everything or have the ability to have inside knowledge,” said the BCC’s Traverso. “We’re really encouraged by how we were able to quickly follow up on this complaint and get these products off the street.”